Integrated Management of Hawthorn Diseases: Development, Harm, and Control Measures

This study examines the primary diseases affecting hawthorn (Crataegus pontica K. Koch), addressing a significant gap in integrated pest management literature concerning these diseases' development and control. Utilizing a comprehensive approach, we combined field observations, laboratory analyses, and integrated pest management (IPM) techniques to assess the impact of diseases such as powdery mildew, brown spot, tracheomycosis, rust, white spot, and moniliosis. Our findings indicate that these diseases significantly impair hawthorn's growth and yield, with powdery mildew and brown spot being the most detrimental. Results demonstrate that implementing a combination of agrotechnical, biological, and chemical control measures effectively mitigates disease spread and damage. This study's implications underscore the importance of adopting an integrated management system to enhance hawthorn's viability and productivity, providing valuable insights for agricultural practices and future research in plant disease management.