Modern Industrial Policy of World Countries and Experiences of Using Resource-Efficient Methods

Modern industrial policies are increasingly integrating resource-efficient methods to address global challenges such as climate change and resource depletion. This article examines the industrial policies of Germany, China, and the United States, focusing on their approaches to sustainability and resource efficiency. Utilizing data from international energy agencies, industry reports, and government publications, the study analyzes key metrics including renewable energy investment, regulatory stringency, and resource efficiency measures. This analysis underscores the importance of integrating resource efficiency into industrial policies to achieve long-term economic and environmental sustainability.