State Regulation and International Practices in Sustainable Tourism Development

This study explores the state management models and international experiences in sustainable tourism development, highlighting their implications for enhancing the tourism sector's efficiency and sustainability. Drawing on data from 146 countries, the research identifies four primary models of state regulation: centralized management, integrated management with related sectors, coordination through councils, and market-driven self-regulation. These models vary depending on economic development, national policies, and regional tourism scales. The analysis underscores the importance of a balanced approach combining state intervention and market mechanisms to promote sustainable tourism.