The Roles of Developed and Developing Countries in Curbing Fossil Emission for Sustainable Development: Implications for Policies Making

The global challenge of curbing fossil emissions for sustainable development requires collaborative efforts from both developed and developing countries. Developed nations, such as the USA, UK, Germany, France, Denmark, and Canada, have advanced technological capabilities and financial resources to implement stringent environmental policies and invest in renewable energy. Conversely, developing countries like Kenya, Bangladesh, Ghana, Morocco, Indonesia, Mexico, and Iran face economic constraints, political instability, and social challenges that impede the effective implementation of emission reduction strategies. These disparities create a complex landscape for achieving global sustainability goals, necessitating tailored policy approaches that consider the unique contextual factors of each country. This study aims to examine the roles of developed and developing countries in curbing fossil emissions for sustainable development, highlighting the implications for policy-making. The study is anchored on the theory of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR). A qualitative design was employed. Content analysis was utilized to analyze secondary data from textbooks, journal publications, and government and organization reports. The study finds that developed countries benefit from robust institutions and financial resources, enabling effective policy implementation, while developing countries face significant barriers. Both require international support and tailored approaches to overcome these challenges. Collaboration and knowledge sharing are essential for global sustainability efforts. Develop international frameworks to facilitate technology transfer and financial support for developing countries to enhance their capacity for sustainable energy transitions.