The Global Importance of Fruit and Vegetable Enterprises and The State of Development in Uzbekistan

The article explores the globalization of the fresh fruit and vegetable (FFV) industry, highlighting the emergence of a few transnational firms, particularly in the distribution segment, which is significantly capital- and energy-intensive. The study identifies the industry's structure as comprising three segments—production, distribution, and marketing—where distribution shows the highest degree of transnationalization. The analysis draws attention to Uzbekistan's robust natural and climatic conditions, enabling sustainable development of its fruit and vegetable sector, which accounts for 7% of GDP and 27% of agricultural production. Recent reforms and policy measures in Uzbekistan, such as the establishment of clusters and investment in export-oriented crops, have strengthened the sector's competitiveness. The article concludes with recommendations for improving efficiency and sustainability, emphasizing innovative technologies, expanding export markets, developing the processing industry, and promoting agrotourism.