Cultural and Civilizational Characteristics of the Small Karakalpak Ethnic Groups Settled in The Northern Bukhara Region (From the 18th Century Onward)

This article examines the cultural and civilizational characteristics of small Karakalpak ethnic groups settled in the northern Bukhara region from the 18th century onward. Drawing on historical, ethnographic, and comparative materials, the study explores settlement patterns, dwelling forms, clothing traditions, and patriarchal family structures. Despite intense interaction with neighboring Uzbeks and Kazakhs, these groups retained distinctive elements of Karakalpak material culture and social organization. Special attention is given to the evolution of household architecture, women’s ceremonial attire, and marital customs shaped by Sharia and adat. The findings highlight both cultural resilience and adaptive transformation within multiethnic environments.