Publication Details
Abstract
This article is devoted to the study of the grammatical structures of languages belonging to different language families based on the methodology of comparative linguistics. In the framework of the article, word order, verb tense system, morphological types, conjugation categories and the structure of parts of speech are taken as examples and a comparative analysis is carried out. The article uses comparative-historical and typological methods to identify common and specific grammatical features between languages. It is shown that the Uzbek language belongs to the agglutinative type, and the grammatical meaning is expressed through special suffixes that are clearly distinguished from each other. It is analyzed that the Russian language belongs to the inflectional type and that one suffix can express several grammatical meanings at the same time. It is determined that the English language, as an analytical language, expresses grammatical meaning mainly through word order and auxiliary words. It is shown that the Arabic language is based on the three-letter root system characteristic of Semitic languages. The study also examines the typological classification of word order in detail: the use of the SOV (Owner-Complement-Partitive) order in Uzbek, SVO (Owner-Partitive-Complement) in English, and VSO (Partitive-Owner-Complement) in Arabic as the main pattern is studied in comparison. In addition, the article presents complete comparative tables on the conjugation system, grammatical gender category, definite/indefinite article, verb tenses and aspect categories, as well as negative, interrogative and subordinate clause structures.