Industry 4.0-Oriented CAD/CAM Framework for Real-Time Monitoring of Manufacturing Operations

Industry 4.0 emphasizes the integration of digital technologies with physical manufacturing systems to achieve intelligent, connected, and adaptive production environments. In this context, the integration of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) with real-time shop-floor monitoring has become a key research area. Traditional CAD/CAM systems primarily focus on offline design and process planning, with limited feedback from actual manufacturing operations. This paper proposes an Industry 4.0–oriented CAD/CAM framework that enables real-time monitoring of manufacturing operations using Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), edge computing, and digital twin concepts. The framework establishes a closed-loop connection between design, manufacturing execution, and monitoring layers. A literature review of recent research highlights existing approaches and gaps. The proposed framework is validated through a CNC machining case study, and results demonstrate improvements in monitoring latency, process visibility, and operational efficiency.