Main Concepts and Principles of Modern Translation Theory

The article explores modern translation theory, emphasizing the increasing importance of interethnic and interlingual relations in the context of globalization. It highlights the cognitive nature of the translation process, focusing on the interaction between source and target texts, the translator’s mental operations, and the formation of professional translator competence. Key theoretical approaches, including relevance theory, the concept of invariants, and cognitive modulation techniques, are examined alongside classical and contemporary perspectives from scholars such as Holz-Mänttäri, Barkhudarov, Komissarov and Ivanov. The study underscores the role of functional equivalence, linguistic and extralinguistic challenges, and the necessity of an anthropocentric, linguocultural approach to achieve accurate, adequate and contextually appropriate translations.