In-depth Exploratory Data Analysis of Global Surface Temperature: Uncovering Patterns, Anomalies, and Long-term Trends in Climate Data

This study addresses the increasing importance of understanding global surface temperature dynamics amid climate change. While existing research highlights significant temperature fluctuations, gaps remain in the comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal patterns. This research aims to conduct an Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) using reputable datasets from NASA’s GISS and NOAA to uncover trends, anomalies, and correlations with external factors such as greenhouse gas concentrations and solar radiation. The methodology involves data cleaning, descriptive statistics, and time series decomposition, complemented by geospatial analysis and statistical tests. Key findings reveal notable regional temperature variations and long-term trends, effectively visualized through line plots, scatter plots, and heatmaps. The results enhance our understanding of temperature dynamics, providing valuable insights that can inform climate research and support policy decisions for environmental sustainability.