Detail Publikasi
Abstrak
A simple, rapid, sensitive, and eco-friendly ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvent-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method (USA-DES-DLLME) with modified nanoparticles (CuO NPs) for the separation/pre-concentration of cadmium and lead in water samples using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. In this method, CuO NPs were synthesized and characterized using various techniques (FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, and AFM). The optimal conditions for the quantitative recovery of the analytes, including the effect of pH, type and volume of DES, volume of CuO NPs, extraction time, tetrahydrofuran (THF), speed and time of centrifugation, and ultrasonic time, were determined. Under optimized experimental conditions, the relative standard deviation (RSD%) at a concentration of 0.05 µg/mL was found to be 2.4% and 2.7%, with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.012 μg.mL−1 and 0.017μg.mL−1, and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 0.038μg.mL−1 and 0.051 μg.mL−1 for cadmium and lead, respectively. The enrichment factors (EF) were found to be 86.6 and 68.85, and the pre-concentration factor was 15 for cadmium and lead, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision of the method were calculated at 0.3 and 0.5 µg/mL, with intra-day precision (2.2%, 2.5%) for lead, and (2.6%, 3.2%) for cadmium, and inter-day precision (3.4%, 3.8%) for lead, and (3.0%, 4.8%) for cadmium, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of cadmium and lead in real samples.