Mahmud Zamaxshariy’s Scientufic Heritage Study

This article is a thorough review of the life and scientific heritage of the outstanding scholar of Khorezm Mahmud Zamakhshari. Zamakhshari, known by the title "Jorullah" (Neighbor of Allah), was an influential Islamic ethicists, lexicographers, and religious scientist, heavily influenced by his teacher Abu Muzar. His writings have left an enduring legacy across several scholarly domains, particularly ethics, philosophy, and literature. Zamakhshari's main education stations, which he followed in the intellectual style of that time, were Mecca, where he settled for about 15 years, and had the chance to study with eminent teachers such as Abu Bakr Yabiriy Andalusi, and Basra. One of them is al-Ghazali or more prominently known for his work, Navobigu-l-Kalim, which is a collection of aphorisms portraying moral studies, spiritual pathways, and human life reflections. While Zamakhshari's contributions were significant, the proper titles of many of his works, as well as exact relationship among some of his treatises are still under philological debate. This uncertainty has been the source of continuous academic dispute. The goal of this article is to clarify the title and attribution of Navobigu-l-Kalim, as well as to explore its philosophical and ethical significance. It also aims to delve into the controversies regarding other ethical writings credited to Zamakhshari. The final conclusion of the research is that although the title "Navobigu-l-Kalim" is the most famous title of the book, it has been introduced in the world with different names by different sources. It also validates the attribution of this work to Zamakhshari and discusses its impact on generations to come. Based on an analysis of both manuscript and scholarship, this article sheds new light on the intricacies of titling Zamakhshari's works. These findings are significant as they clarify Zamakhshari’s intellectual legacy and constitute an essential contribution to the study of Islamic ethics and Arabic literature, leading to proper attribution and analysis of Zamakhshari’s works in future scholarship.