Roots and Threats of Radical Extremism in Kazakhstan

This article challenges the problem of radical extremism in Kazakhstan, its roots, causes, and consequences of the attempted coup d'état in 2022. Expert surveys, focus groups, in-depth interviews with the Muslim religious communities, including Salafists, outcomes of student group discussions, and personal observations allowed to identify the theoretical foundations and practical roots and consequences of radical extremism. Obtained results: a review of the external and internal causes of radical extremism; an analysis of radical extremism and the religious communities; an evaluation of the government measures. The study's finding is a formation of the interactive framework consisting of four primary I - tools: Inсlusive; Involvement; Income; Ideology for the solution of the problem of radical extremism.