Computer Graphics: Principles, Problems and Prospective Solutions

Computer graphics is a rapidly evolving branch of computer science that integrates mathematics, hardware engineering, and visual design to produce and manipulate visual data. It plays a crucial role in entertainment, simulation, scientific visualization, and artificial intelligence. Despite impressive progress, modern computer graphics faces several technical and conceptual challenges such as computational complexity, energy consumption, realism gaps, principles, current issues, and emerging solutions within computer graphics. It examines both the theoretical underpinnings and practicalapplications while highlighiting future trends driven by AI, real-time rendering,and sustainable computing. The reseach concludes that AI-assisted optimization, cloud-based rendering, and open-source innovation are paving the way toward more efficient, inclusive, and realistic computer graphics system.