Tax Policy and Its Main Directions

This study examines the role of tax policy in ensuring economic growth and stability in Uzbekistan, with a particular focus on recent reforms and their macroeconomic implications. The main objective of the research is to evaluate how tax policy instruments—such as tax rates, incentives, and administrative mechanisms—affect economic activity, investment attractiveness, and fiscal sustainability. The research is based on a mixed-method approach combining comparative analysis, statistical data evaluation (2022–2024), and institutional analysis of national tax reforms. Special attention is given to Presidential Decrees and the Tax Code, which define the strategic direction of tax policy reforms. The findings indicate that the reduction of the tax burden, digitalization of tax administration, and expansion of tax incentives have significantly improved tax compliance, reduced the shadow economy, and increased budget revenues. At the same time, the study reveals several systemic challenges, including inefficiencies in VAT collection, limited monitoring of tax benefits, and uneven regional tax performance. The novelty of this research lies in its integrated approach, combining institutional reforms with macroeconomic performance indicators and international comparisons. It highlights that tax policy in Uzbekistan is evolving from a purely fiscal instrument into a strategic tool for economic development. The practical implications suggest that further improvements in tax administration, digital infrastructure, and transparency mechanisms are essential to sustain long-term economic growth and enhance national competitiveness.