Publication Details
Abstract
Salivary gland tumors are uncommon neoplasms that account for approximately 3–5% of head and neck tumors worldwide. Despite their relatively low incidence, they pose significant challenges in terms of diagnosis, clinical management, and prognosis because of their morphological and biological heterogeneity. This study was conducted in 2024–2025 at the Khorezm branch of the Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology, involving 48 patients diagnosed with salivary gland tumors. Biopsy specimens were examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical markers (CK7, CK19, S-100, p63, SOX10, DOG1, Ki-67, and p53). Morphometric evaluations were further validated at the Ipsum Pathology Laboratory in Tashkent. Results showed that the majority of patients were between 45 and 59 years of age (46.3%), followed by the 60–74 years group (30.2%). Pleomorphic adenoma was the most frequent benign tumor (45.8%), while mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant type (25%). Immunohistochemistry significantly enhanced diagnostic accuracy and facilitated prognosis assessment. The findings highlight the role of environmental factors in Khorezm, such as water salinity, atmospheric dust, and pesticide exposure, as potential contributors to tumor development and progression. The study underscores the importance of early screening, accurate differential diagnosis, and preventive strategies for improving treatment outcomes.