Factors Affecting Hydraulic Processes in Main Pipelines

This article examines the key factors influencing hydraulic processes in main pipelines, focusing on pipe material, fluid chemical composition, and flow regime. A detailed review of empirical and theoretical studies is provided, including historical developments from Darcy and Weisbach to modern correlations such as the Colebrook, Altshul, Chen, Zigrang, and Sylvester equations. The influence of absolute and relative roughness, Reynolds number, and temperature on hydraulic resistance is discussed, along with recent experimental findings. The study emphasizes the importance of considering both empirical and theoretical approaches to accurately estimate hydraulic friction and resistance in pipelines.