Regionalism in International Politics: a Comparative Analysis of ASEAN and the European Union

Regionalism has emerged as a significant phenomenon in international politics, shaping the geopolitical, economic, and social landscapes of diverse regions. This study conducts a comparative analysis of two prominent regional organizations: the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the European Union (EU). Drawing on theoretical frameworks and historical contexts, the paper examines their institutional structures, governance models, economic integration, and political-security cooperation. The findings reveal critical distinctions between the EU’s supranational and legalistic approach and ASEAN’s informal, consensus-based mechanisms, shaped by their unique historical, cultural, and geopolitical contexts. Despite their differences, both organizations face common challenges, including economic disparities, political instability, and external pressures. By comparing their trajectories and challenges, this paper highlights key lessons for enhancing regional cooperation and integration, offering valuable insights for policymakers and scholars alike.