Sociolinguistic Factors of the Penetration of Lacunae From one Language into Others in Multilingual Environments

This article discusses how the art of communication has acquired global significance in our time, as it forms the basis for relationships, mutual understanding, and interaction between individuals, entire peoples, and states. In this regard, the realities of one language penetrate other languages: a) through historical, spiritual, cultural, social, and political contacts; b) through the dissemination of scientific and technical discoveries; c) through the artistic translation of literary works; d) through the use of lacunae in the vernacular by foreign writers and translators. The main techniques for transferring Russian (or borrowed through Russian) lacunae into Uzbek are transliteration and the creation of a new word (or phrase) for the corresponding phenomenon based on existing elements in the language.