Collective Consciousness in the Teaching of Srimanta Sankardeva's

This study examines the teachings of Srimanta Sankardev (1449–1568), the pioneering saint, reformer, and cultural architect of Assam, through the analytical framework of Émile Durkheim’s concept of collective consciousness. Sankardev’s Neo-Vaishnavite movement, founded on the principle of Eka Deva, Eka Seva (One God, One Service), not only provided spiritual guidance but also generated a socio-cultural renaissance. By institutionalizing practices such as Naam-Prasanga, Borgeet, Bhaona, and the Satra–Namghar system, he created collective rituals that transcended caste and class boundaries, promoted moral discipline, and fostered psychological resilience.
Methodologically, this paper employs a descriptive–analytical approach, combining participant observation in Namghar rituals with secondary textual sources. Durkheim’s theoretical insights into the binding force of shared beliefs are applied comparatively to demonstrate how Sankardev’s devotional practices produced a collective vibration that functioned as both spiritual devotion and a form of psychosocial healing. The rhythmic chanting of God’s name, accompanied by instruments such as the khol and nagara, is interpreted not only as an expression of bhakti but also as an indigenous form of sound therapy that harmonizes the body and mind.
The findings suggest that Sankardev’s movement exemplifies the dynamic intersection of religion, culture, and psychology. His model of collective devotion continues to resonate in contemporary contexts, aligning with global discourses on community well-being, intangible heritage, and holistic education. The paper concludes that Sankardev’s vision remains a relevant and enduring paradigm of unity, cultural resilience, and inner healing.