Publication Details
Abstract
Industrial wastewater contains a variety of hazardous pollutants, including heavy metals, organic chemicals, and toxic substances, which pose significant threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Untreated or inadequately treated industrial effluents contribute to water pollution, soil contamination, and biodiversity loss. The complexity and variability of industrial wastewater compositions challenge conventional treatment methods, necessitating advanced and sustainable approaches. This paper reviews the main sources and types of industrial wastewater, examines its detrimental environmental and health impacts, and discusses current treatment technologies. Understanding these harmful effects is essential for developing effective management strategies to minimize pollution and promote environmental protection.