Water Supply And Irrigation System Of Bukhara City In The Late 19th And Early 20th Centuries

This article analyzes the irrigation system of the Bukhara oasis in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, its formation, functioning mechanism and socio-economic significance. The main attention is paid to the use of water resources of the Zarafshan River, traditional irrigation methods (ditches, dams, water diversion structures) and the problems of water shortage. Control over water and land resources in the Bukhara emirate, their impact on social stratification are also covered. The article examines the changes that occurred in the irrigation system under the influence of the Russian Empire, in particular the expansion of cotton cultivation and the redistribution of water resources, on a scientific basis.