Abstract
The transition toward a green economy represents a strategic imperative for agrarian economies facing resource scarcity and climate vulnerability. While Uzbekistan has adopted a national Green Economy Strategy (2019–2030), empirical evidence regarding the microeconomic impacts of green technology adoption on vegetable farm efficiency remains limited, particularly at the district level. This study employs a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, integrating quantitative panel data analysis with qualitative SWOT assessment. Primary data were collected from 15 specialized vegetable farms in Andijan District over the 2022–2024 period. Economic efficiency was measured through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), profitability ratios, and a Technological Modernization Index (TMI). Determinants of profitability were estimated using multiple linear regression. Comparative analysis with benchmarks from the Netherlands, South Korea, and the United States contextualized performance gaps. Farms utilizing drip irrigation and automated greenhouse systems achieved profitability rates of 35–42%, compared to 22–28% for conventional farms. Water productivity increased by 136% under precision irrigation, while labor requirements declined by 67%. Regression analysis identified drip irrigation adoption (β = 0.42, p < 0.01), automation level (β = 0.31, p < 0.05), and certified seed usage (β = 0.28, p < 0.05) as significant positive determinants of economic efficiency. However, 65% of farms remained dependent on gravity irrigation, and value-added processing accounted for only 20% of output. Green technology adoption significantly enhances economic efficiency in vegetable farming, though institutional barriers—particularly capital constraints and inadequate cold chain infrastructure—impede diffusion. Policy should prioritize cluster-based cooperation, international certification mechanisms, and targeted fiscal incentives for resource-saving technologies.