Pension Provision for Uzbek Migrants in the Context of Pension System Reform: International Experience and National Policy Perspectives

Labor migration is a major socio-economic phenomenon in Uzbekistan, with millions of Uzbek citizens working abroad, especially in Russia, Kazakhstan, South Korea, and Turkey. While remittances contribute significantly to the national economy, one critical issue remains underexplored: the pension security of Uzbek labor migrants. This article investigates the legal frameworks, institutional barriers, and socio-economic implications of pension provision for Uzbek migrants. It draws on international conventions, bilateral agreements, and domestic policy developments to assess how pension rights are recognized, transferred, or forfeited in the context of labor migration. The paper argues for a more coordinated approach between sending and receiving countries to ensure long-term social protection for migrant workers.