Formation of Cellulose Nanofibers from Cellulose Diacetate via Electrospinning

The study explores the production of nanofibers from cellulose diacetate (CDA) dissolved in acetone-water mixtures via electrospinning, with acetone-to-water ratios of 95:5, 92.5:7.5, and 90:10. It demonstrates the saponification of CDA nanofibers in potassium hydroxide to obtain cellulose II nanofibers, analyzed using IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Optimal conditions for electrospinning were identified with a 10% CDA solution in acetone containing 10% water, producing uniform nanofibers with diameters of 90–550 nm. Alkaline hydrolysis of CDA nanofibers yielded cellulose II nanofibers with an average diameter of 350–400 nm and improved crystallinity. These cellulose II nanofibers, with high swelling capacity and potential for applications in air filters and biodegradable medical materials, were characterized by their large surface area and mechanical properties. The findings offer insights into the processing parameters and potential uses of cellulose nanofibers, filling a knowledge gap in the efficient production and application of biodegradable nanomaterials.