Stable Water Quality Amid Seasonal Fluctuations in Iraqi Lake

This study investigates the physical, chemical, and biological properties of Darbandikhan Lake and the Sirwan River in Sulaymaniyah province, focusing on five locations from September 2023 to February 2024. Chemical parameters measured included pH, BOD, total alkalinity, total hardness, sulfates, nitrates, chloride ions, calcium and magnesium hardness, and sodium and potassium ions. pH values ranged from 6.2 to 8.88, total alkalinity from 80 to 182 mg/L, and total hardness from 92 to 450 mg/L, all within permissible limits. Calcium hardness ranged from 11.6 to 151.4 mg/L, and magnesium hardness from 3.22 to 45.49 mg/L. Chloride, sodium, and nitrate levels were within acceptable ranges, with sulfate concentrations expectedly low. Statistical analysis using ANOVA, Duncan Test, and Pearson Correlation identified significant spatial differences in pH values but no temporal differences. The findings suggest that the lake's water quality is stable but underscore the need for ongoing monitoring and pollution prevention due to potential anthropogenic impacts. This research highlights the importance of continuous water quality assessment to safeguard public health and the environment.