Assessment of Vitamin D Levels and Some Biochemicals in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Al-Hawija District, Kirkuk, Iraq

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem that affects the balance of vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin D and iron. Patients suffer from vitamin D deficiency and iron disturbances, which affect their general health and liver function. In Al-Hawija district, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq, local research lacks information on this relationship. This study aims to evaluate vitamin D levels, iron forms, and liver function in kidney failure patients in this area, and explore the association between vitamin D and different forms of iron. A case-control study included 90 male and female cases (60 patients and 30 controls) of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The study was conducted from January to March 2023 at the dialysis center in Hawija. Ferritin and vitamin D were measured using an Ichroma device, UIBC was measured using a Cobas device, and TIBC was measured using a relationship between UIBC and serum iron. Iron, kidney function and liver enzymes were also measured using the spectrophotometric method. The results show a significant increase in indicators of kidney and liver Functions as well as vitamin D and iron deficiencies in patients compared to healthy individuals. These changes reflect the effects of kidney failure on various body systems. This studied also suggests that vitamin D does not directly interact with iron markers (iron serum, ferritin, UIBC and TIBC) in patients with kidney failure.