Diabetes and its Impact on Vitamin D Levels Review

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin secretion or function, remains a significant global health challenge. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of vitamin D in bone health, immune function, and inflammation regulation, with growing interest in its influence on pancreatic insulin secretion and sensitivity. Despite this, the interplay between DM and vitamin D deficiency is not fully understood, particularly regarding its impact on type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the relationship between DM and vitamin D, exploring how DM affects vitamin D levels and how vitamin D deficiency may exacerbate diabetes progression. A comprehensive review of existing studies reveals that vitamin D deficiency impairs insulin secretion and sensitivity, contributing to worsened glycemic control in both types of DM. These findings underscore the potential of vitamin D as a therapeutic target for improving diabetes management and warrant further investigation to establish effective intervention strategies.