Publication Details
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs), primarily caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), represent a significant global health concern due to their prevalence and increasing antibiotic resistance. This study explores the genetic variability of E. coli pathotypes, focusing on their virulence factors and resistance mechanisms. Utilizing a comprehensive review of molecular data, the research identifies key virulence traits, such as adhesins and toxins, and their role in disease progression. Advanced diagnostic tools, including whole-genome sequencing and molecular techniques, are evaluated for their potential to enhance the detection of pathogenic strains and inform precision medicine. The findings underscore the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, attributed to horizontal gene transfer and adaptive evolutionary processes. Therapeutic strategies, including phage therapy and anti-virulence agents, are discussed as promising alternatives to combat MDR strains. By integrating genomic insights into clinical practice, this study highlights the need for tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to mitigate the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance in UTI-causing E. coli. These findings have significant implications for improving patient outcomes and guiding future research in microbial pathogenesis and treatment.