Bacterial Toxins and their Involvement in Generating Nanoparticles by Gram-positive bacteria

The emerging antimicrobial resistant pathogenic bacterial has led to the need to look into other therapeutic interventions like the use of nanomaterial which possess antimicrobial properties. This review is aimed at analysing the connection between bacterial toxins and nanoparticles generated by Gram-positive bacteria with regards to their practical use in the fight against Antimicrobial Resistance. For instance, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus are gram- positive bacteria known to have multiple toxins that are capable of influencing its surrounding around cells. Current review has exposed some facts which reveal that it is involved in production of nanoparticles which have special effect against antibiotic bacteria. In the current review, the authers presents the ways through which bacterial toxins can trigger the creation of nanoparticles, properties of the created nanoparticles, and their probable applications in the generation of new antibacterial drugs. The treatment of infections has recently been compounded by the development of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, thus calling for the development of measures that can help cope with infections. Nanotechnology mediated anti-microbial approaches such as using nanoparticles formed from bacterial toxins present a nascent way around this problem. These cases have made researchers to develop other mechanisms of eradicating bacterial infections other than the use of antibiotics, and nanotechnology is one mechanism that has attracted a lot of attention. Although the processes of nanoparticle formation using Gram-positive bacteria are still not clear, a number of investigations indicate that bacterial toxins can be essential for that. Bacterial toxins are extremely toxic compounds which are capable of profoundly affecting cellular processes and exerting a number of pathological consequences on the host organism.