Morphological Structural Changes of the Mucous Layer of the Syndrome Space in Chronic Syndrome

Chronic sinusitis is a persistent inflammatory disease of the maxillary sinus that leads to pronounced morphological remodeling of the mucous membrane and impairment of its physiological functions. This study aimed to evaluate histomorphological changes in the maxillary sinus mucosa in patients with chronic sinusitis. The study included 36 patients aged 18–60 years with clinically and radiologically confirmed chronic sinusitis and 12 control subjects without inflammatory sinus pathology. Biopsy samples of the maxillary sinus mucosa were obtained during functional endoscopic sinus surgery and processed using standard histological techniques. Sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s trichrome to assess epithelial thickness, preservation of ciliated epithelium, glandular hyperplasia, and submucosal fibrosis. The results demonstrated a significant increase in epithelial thickness, marked loss of ciliated epithelium, frequent glandular hyperplasia, and moderate to severe submucosal fibrosis in patients with chronic sinusitis compared to controls (p < 0.05). These structural alterations impair mucociliary clearance, promote secretion stagnation, and contribute to disease chronicity and resistance to conservative therapy. Histomorphological assessment of the sinus mucosa is therefore essential for understanding disease progression and optimizing treatment strategies.