Influence of Nutrition on Higher Nervous Activity: Physiological Mechanisms and Experimental Evidence

Nutritional status plays a crucial role in regulating central nervous system activity and adaptive behavior. Nevertheless, the physiological links between diet composition and higher nervous processes remain insufficiently integrated.  To systematize experimental evidence on how general nutrition and specific nutrients influence conditioned reflexes, cortical excitability, and behavioral stability. A structured analytical review of classical neurophysiological experiments involving fasting, dietary modification, and vitamin deficiency in animal models. Data were interpreted within the framework of excitation–inhibition balance in the cerebral cortex. Both food deprivation and nutrient imbalance significantly modify conditioned reflex activity. Protein deficiency weakens inhibitory control, whereas moderate protein enrichment improves differentiation. Excess protein intake over time may suppress excitatory responses. Lipid-rich diets increase cortical excitability, while carbohydrate-dominant diets tend to reduce it. Deficiencies of vitamins C and B1 disrupt reflex stability and neural coordination. Vitamin D enhances inhibitory processes, possibly through calcium-dependent mechanisms. Balanced nutrition is an essential determinant of stable higher nervous activity. Adequate intake of macronutrients and micronutrients supports cortical regulation, learning efficiency, and behavioral adaptation.