Publication Details
Abstract
Samples were collected between October 2025 and January 2026. The study included 60 blood samples from patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, including both males and females aged between 35 and 65 years. In addition, 30 blood samples were collected from apparently healthy individuals (males and females) aged between 35 and 55 years who served as the control group. All diabetic cases were clinically diagnosed by specialized physicians. The results showed a significant decrease in serum Sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2.217±1.013 ng/mL) compared with the healthy control group (4.165±1.213 ng/mL) at a significance level of (P ≤ 0.01). Conversely, a significant increase was observed in oxidative stress markers, including Malondialdehyde (MDA) and the inflammatory chemokine CCL2, among diabetic patients compared with the control group at a highly significant level (P < 0.0001). In addition, the level of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was markedly elevated in patients compared with healthy individuals. The effect of Body Mass Index (BMI) was also evaluated, and the results indicated a significant increase in BMI among most diabetic patients compared with the control group, suggesting that increased body mass index may contribute to a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Correlation analysis revealed a very weak positive relationship between SIRT-1 and oxidative stress markers, including MDA (r = 0.011) and CCL2 (r = 0.030). Furthermore, Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the discriminative performance of the studied biomarkers in distinguishing diabetic patients from healthy individuals. The results demonstrated that HbA1c and BMI showed perfect discriminative accuracy, while SIRT-1 and oxidative stress markers exhibited very good to excellent diagnostic performance. Overall, these findings suggest that alterations in the balance of inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers, particularly the decrease in SIRT-1 and the elevation of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, may play an important role in the progression and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus.