Changes in the Circadian Rhythm of Arterial Blood Pressure in Full-Term and Preterm Newborns Born to Mothers with Arterial Hypertension

Maternal arterial hypertension remains an important perinatal risk factor capable of influencing neonatal cardiovascular adaptation and the formation of physiological blood pressure regulation after birth. The present study aimed to evaluate changes in the circadian rhythm of arterial blood pressure among full-term and preterm newborns delivered from hypertensive pregnancies. A total of 45 newborns were examined, including 15 full-term and 30 preterm infants born to mothers diagnosed with arterial hypertension. Clinical observation included repeated assessment of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, evaluation of cardiovascular adaptation, and analysis of circadian hemodynamic fluctuations during the neonatal period. The obtained findings demonstrated that preterm newborns showed significantly greater instability of arterial pressure, weaker day-night rhythm differentiation, and delayed cardiovascular adaptation compared with full-term infants. Episodes of transient hypotension, tachycardia, and peripheral circulation disturbances were observed more frequently among premature newborns. The study confirms the importance of continuous neonatal hemodynamic monitoring for early identification of cardiovascular maladaptation in infants exposed to maternal hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.