Maternal and Perinatal Risk Factors in Preterm Infants Born After IVF: A Comparative Clinical Study

Assisted reproductive technologies have become an important method for overcoming infertility; however, concerns regarding unfavorable perinatal outcomes among premature infants remain clinically significant. The present study aimed to evaluate maternal and perinatal risk factors associated with preterm birth in infants conceived through in vitro fertilization compared with natural conception. A comparative clinical analysis was performed involving 72 preterm newborns divided into IVF and spontaneous conception groups. Maternal obstetric history, pregnancy complications, neonatal adaptation, and early postnatal outcomes were analyzed using clinical and laboratory assessment methods. The results demonstrated that pregnancies achieved through IVF were more frequently associated with recurrent pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, and placental dysfunction. Premature infants conceived after IVF more commonly experienced respiratory distress syndrome, lower birth weight, and prolonged neonatal intensive care treatment. The findings emphasize the importance of individualized prenatal monitoring and specialized neonatal care in pregnancies following assisted reproductive technologies.