International Experience in Resource Efficiency At Thermal Energy Enterprises and Opportunities for Its Adaptation to The Conditions of Uzbekistan

This paper examines the international experience of leading countries - Germany, Japan, South Korea, China, and the United States - in improving resource efficiency at thermal energy enterprises, with a focus on identifying best practices applicable to Uzbekistan’s energy sector. The study systematizes key technological, institutional, and regulatory approaches used in high-efficiency thermal power sectors, including combined heat and power (CHP) systems, integrated energy management frameworks, digital monitoring tools, and market-based policy instruments. Drawing on theoretical frameworks for measuring resource efficiency and comparative institutional analysis, the paper assesses the compatibility of international practices with the structural, regulatory, and economic conditions in Uzbekistan’s thermal energy sector. A structured adaptation framework is proposed, comprising three tiers: immediate regulatory and metrological measures, medium-term technological upgrades, and long-term system transformation aligned with national sustainable development priorities. The findings provide a methodological basis for evidence-based policy design and enterprise-level management reform in Uzbekistan’s heat and power generation industry.