CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS IN CHILDREN

Congenital heart defects in children are developmental anomalies of the cardiovascular system that arise in utero and are a leading cause of infant mortality. These pathologies can be associated with hereditary factors, intrauterine infections, teratogenic factors, and metabolic disorders in the mother. The clinical presentation depends on the type of defect and includes dyspnea, cyanosis, delayed physical development, heart murmurs, and signs of heart failure. Modern treatment methods include drug therapy, catheter interventions, and cardiac surgery, which significantly improve the prognosis and quality of life in children. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are key to reducing mortality and disability.