OPTIMIZATION OF DIAGNOSTICS AND DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF PRIMARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUCOMA

This study focuses on optimizing diagnostic strategies and individualized treatment approaches for primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), a sight-threatening condition characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) due to anatomical obstruction of the anterior chamber angle. The article examines modern diagnostic tools, including gonioscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and tonometry, highlighting their role in early detection and precise characterization of angle closure. The research emphasizes a differentiated therapeutic approach based on disease severity, angle anatomy, and patient-specific risk factors, including laser peripheral iridotomy, lens extraction, trabeculectomy, and minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries. By integrating advanced imaging with personalized treatment planning, clinicians can enhance IOP control, prevent optic nerve damage, and reduce complications. The findings underscore that a targeted, individualized management strategy improves long-term visual outcomes and quality of life for patients with PACG. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the optimization of diagnostic procedures and the implementation of a differentiated therapeutic strategy for primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Emphasizing the importance of early detection, the research investigates advanced imaging modalities such as anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), alongside traditional gonioscopic evaluation, to accurately assess anterior chamber angle anatomy, lens position, and risk factors for acute or chronic angle closure. By applying a differentiated approach to treatment, including laser peripheral iridotomy, lens extraction, trabeculectomy, and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), clinicians can tailor interventions to individual anatomical and physiological characteristics, maximizing intraocular pressure (IOP) control and preserving optic nerve integrity. The study demonstrates that a combination of enhanced diagnostics and patient-specific management significantly reduces the risk of visual field deterioration, minimizes postoperative complications, and improves long-term visual outcomes. Findings reinforce the necessity of integrating advanced technologies and personalized clinical decision-making in contemporary PACG management, highlighting the critical interplay between accurate diagnostics and tailored treatment planning in preventing irreversible vision loss.