RELATION OF PLATELET INDICES WITH ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA AND ENDOMETRIAL CANCER

Background: Platelet indices, such as Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), and Plateletcrit (PCT), have been recognized as having potential to be a useful biomarker in a number of malignancies, including endometrial cancer. These indices demonstrate platelet activation and can provide useful information on the pathological mechanisms of cancer. Nevertheless, the usefulness of these markers in the distinction of endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cancer and healthy controls is under-explored.
Aim: The proposed study will examine relation among platelet parameters (PCT,PDW and MPV) in endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer in Iraqi patients with abnormal uterin bleeding.
Patients and Methods: It was a case-control study at the Al-Imamain Al-Khadimian Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, between January 2024 and November 2024. The sample consisted of 90 women experiencing abnormal vaginal bleeding and endometrial biopsy was performed. The groups were categorized into three (A- endometrial hyperplasia, B- endometrial cancer, C- healthy controls, n=30). Measurement Platelet indices and hematological parameters were measured by a Coulter LH 780 Hematology Analyzer.
Findings: The researchers concluded that MPV, PDW, and PCT were highly raised in patients who had endometrial cancer relative to patients with endometrial hyperplasia and healthy controls. The mean MPV in Group B (endometrial cancer) was 11.9 +- 1.8 fL which is significantly bigger than Group A (10.1 +- 1.3 fL) and Group C (8.5 +- 1.2 fL) and p-values were 0.004, 0.0001 and less than 0.0001 respectively. There were also significant differences between PDW and PCT in the groups with the highest scores in the endometrial cancer group. The groups no longer differed in terms of hemoglobin levels and white blood cells.
Conclusion: Platelet indices, especially MPV, PDW and PCT are high in patients with endometrial cancer as opposed to endometrial hyperplasia and healthy controls. These indices could be a clue of correlation between platlet and tumor by the way they play their roles in the subsequent tumor growth and metastasis.