Publication Details
Abstract
This article examines the phenomenon of stress using a comprehensive approach in modern medicine and psychology. It highlights the functional interrelationship between biological (physiological) and psychological (emotional) components of stress. Special attention is given to the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the influence of cognitive appraisal processes on somatic health. The study systematically reviews scientific concepts ranging from Hans Selye’s theory of the general adaptation syndrome to the cognitive-transactional model developed by Richard Lazarus. Neuroendocrine mechanisms of stress, including cortisol and catecholamine secretion, their role in cardiovascular pathology and oncogenesis, as well as the effects of occupational and examination stress on immune and genetic systems, are analyzed. Furthermore, the role of individual nervous system characteristics in determining stress resilience is discussed.