Publication Details
Abstract
Chronic generalized periodontitis represents a significant oral health challenge in postmenopausal women due to hormonal changes, decreased bone density, and altered immune response, which collectively exacerbate periodontal tissue destruction. This study aims to evaluate and optimize therapeutic strategies tailored for postmenopausal women with chronic generalized periodontitis by analyzing clinical, biochemical, and radiographic outcomes of conventional nonsurgical periodontal therapy, adjunctive antimicrobial interventions, host-modulation agents, and regenerative procedures. A prospective cohort of 60 postmenopausal women with moderate to severe periodontitis was followed over 12 months. Clinical parameters included probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, plaque index, and gingival index. Radiographic evaluation assessed alveolar bone density and crest height. Biochemical analysis of gingival crevicular fluid quantified inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP-8. Patient-centered outcomes such as pain, comfort, and oral health-related quality of life were measured using validated questionnaires. Findings demonstrated that integrating scaling and root planing with adjunctive local antimicrobial therapy and systemic host-modulation agents significantly improved periodontal stability, reduced inflammation, and mitigated further bone loss compared with conventional therapy alone. Regenerative interventions, including guided tissue regeneration and enamel matrix derivative application, provided additional clinical benefits in cases with localized severe defects. Optimizing treatment strategies in this population requires a multifactorial approach that addresses both local periodontal factors and systemic influences of menopause, emphasizing individualized treatment planning, patient adherence, and continuous maintenance therapy to achieve sustainable long-term periodontal health.