Sustainability in the Districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan Based on the Integrated Index Fssi_Total

This study assesses food security and sustainability in the districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan based on water, land, and climate factors. The research used panel data for 2016–2021 and included 13 indicators related to water resources, reclamation conditions, soil salinity, crop productivity, and climatic variables. The minimax normalization method was applied to calculate the agroecological index (FSSI), climatic index (CI), and final integrated index (FSSI_total). The results revealed significant territorial differences among the districts. The highest sustainability levels were identified in Amudarya, Turtkul, and Beruniy districts, while the lowest values were observed in Muynak, Kungrad, and Bozatau districts. The findings show that agroecological factors play a key role in ensuring food security, whereas climatic conditions have an additional modifying effect.