Existing Issues in the Financing of Higher Education Institutions and Future Directions for Solutions

This article systematically analyzes financing issues in higher education institutions and identifies promising solutions. The study focuses on key factors affecting financial sustainability, including dependence on public budgets, limited revenue diversification, weak performance-based funding, and inefficient spending incentives. Using comparative institutional analysis, a stakeholder approach, and policy design criteria, the article proposes an integrated framework covering revenue sources, allocation mechanisms, governance accountability, and student financial support. The findings justify a gradual reform of higher education financing aimed at balancing access, quality, fiscal discipline, and university autonomy..