Theoretical and Philosophical Tasks of Studying the Phenomenon of Self-Consciousness in the Development of Society

The article examines the issues related to the emergence and development of social labour and self-consciousness, which is one of the problems that has long interested humanity. The article analyzes the essence of the concepts of “national self-consciousness” and “self-knowledge.” The tasks of self-consciousness were at the center of attention of ancient philosophers; on this basis, the article considers the process of the emergence of certain ideas. In the process of studying the interrelation or conceptual tasks of self-consciousness and spiritual values in the development of society, such categorical concepts as nationality, ethnos and ethnicity are described. In addition, special attention is paid to the role of national self-consciousness in today’s conditions of globalization and to the regular increase in the need for it.