Pragmatic Functions of Metonymic Relations in English, Uzbek, and Karakalpak Languages

This article explores the pragmatic functions of metonymic relations in English, Uzbek, and Karakalpak languages. Metonymy is examined not only as a linguistic device but also as a cognitive and communicative mechanism that plays a crucial role in discourse interpretation, inferencing, and cultural conceptualization. Drawing on cognitive linguistics, pragmatic theory and frame semantics, the study demonstrates that metonymy operates as a dynamic process of meaning construction in context. The comparative analysis reveals that while metonymy is universal in cognitive structure, its pragmatic realization varies significantly across languages due to cultural and literary traditions.