The Role of Ecological Certification and the “Green Hotel” Concept in the Development of Sustainable Tourism

Tourism is among the fastest-growing economic sectors in the world, yet its expansion places considerable pressure on natural resources, energy systems and the climate, with the accommodation segment recognised as one of the most resource-intensive components of the value chain. This article examines the role of ecological certification and the “green hotel” concept as instruments for advancing sustainable tourism. Drawing on a review of the academic literature, internationally recognised standards and policy documents, the study clarifies the conceptual foundations of green hotels, compares the most influential certification schemes (GSTC, Green Key, EarthCheck, Green Globe, Travelife, LEED and ISO 14001), and analyses the environmental, economic and reputational mechanisms through which certification contributes to sustainable development. Particular attention is given to consumer behaviour, the risk of greenwashing, and the conditions under which certification produces genuine impact rather than symbolic compliance. The Uzbek tourism sector is discussed as an illustrative emerging-market context. The findings indicate that ecological certification functions simultaneously as a management framework, a market signal and a policy lever; its effectiveness depends on third-party verification, integration into national strategy and alignment with measurable performance indicators. Practical recommendations are offered for hotels, certification bodies and policymakers.