Modeling The Performance Efficiency Indicators Of Commercial Banks Using The Generalized Method Of Moments (Gmm) Based On Panel Data

This article analyzes the determinants of the efficiency indicators (ROAA, ROAE, NIM) of Uzbekistan's commercial banks using the two-step system GMM method. Based on panel data from 10 commercial banks for 2020–2025, three models were estimated to assess the effects of bank size, capital, operating efficiency, non-performing loans, digital transformation, and macroeconomic factors. The results show that non-performing loans (NPL) and bank size (SIZE) are the strongest negative determinants, while digital transformation (DIGI) is the strongest positive determinant.