Publication Details
Abstract
Tourism is a highly seasonal and labour-intensive sector in which workforce demand changes according to visitor flows, destination activity and service intensity. However, higher education systems usually operate according to fixed academic calendars that are weakly synchronized with the seasonal dynamics of the tourism labour market. This creates a structural mismatch between the timing, content and practical orientation of tourism education and the real competency needs of tourism enterprises. This article proposes a Macro-Micro Seasonal Integration Ecosystem for tourism personnel training based on the case of Uzbekistan. The model integrates macro-level institutional governance with micro-level educational processes and aims to reduce structural skills mismatch through seasonal synchronization, flexible dual education and practice-oriented learning. Conceptually, the model combines the Five Chains logic of policy, resources, innovation, personnel and market coordination with university-industry-government interaction, flexible dual education and the Three Auditoriums methodology. At the macro level, the model coordinates state policy, higher education institutions, tourism enterprises, practice bases and regional labour market demand. At the micro level, it restructures learning through classroom-based theory, VR/AR-supported simulation and real tourism workplace practice. The article contributes to tourism education research by conceptualizing personnel training as a seasonally adaptive ecosystem rather than a linear academic process.