Relationship Between Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels And Metabolic Syndrome In Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia And Prostate Cancer

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most widely used biomarker for the diagnosis, risk assessment, and clinical monitoring of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Nevertheless, serum PSA concentrations are influenced not only by pathological changes in the prostate gland but also by systemic metabolic abnormalities. Metabolic syndrome, characterized by central obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension, has been increasingly recognized as an important modifier of prostate physiology through its effects on chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and hormonal imbalance. These metabolic disturbances may alter PSA secretion and reduce the diagnostic accuracy of PSA-based screening, thereby complicating the early detection and clinical evaluation of prostate diseases. However, the relationship between serum PSA levels and metabolic syndrome in patients with BPH and PCa remains incompletely understood. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between serum prostate-specific antigen levels and metabolic syndrome in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer by analyzing clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical characteristics. The study included patients diagnosed with BPH, patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer, and an age-matched healthy control group. Clinical evaluation comprised body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, prostate volume measured by transrectal ultrasonography, and serum PSA concentration. Comparative statistical analyses were performed to determine the relationship between metabolic syndrome components and PSA levels in different study groups.