Synthesis, and Characterization of Novel Tetrazole Derivatives with Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Antibacterial Activities

Abstract: This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of novel tetrazole derivatives (Y8-Y14). The compounds were synthesized through the reaction of Schiff bases with sodium azide in tetrahydrofuran under reflux. The structural confirmation was performed using FT-IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, revealing characteristic absorption bands and chemical shifts indicative of successful synthesis. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging method. Compound Y12 exhibited excellent antioxidant properties, with the highest scavenging activity (103.4%) at a concentration of 7.8125 µg/mL, comparable to ascorbic acid. The cytotoxic activity of compound Y12 was tested against breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and normal cell lines (WRL68) using the MTT assay. Y12 showed significant cytotoxic effects with an IC₅₀ value of 206 µg/mL, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was assessed against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) using the well diffusion method. The compounds displayed varying inhibition zones, with activity increasing proportionally with concentration. Control antibiotics such as amoxicillin, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin were used for comparison. The study highlights the promising biological activities of these tetrazole derivatives, including their antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antibacterial properties, suggesting their potential application in medical and pharmaceutical fields.